Write a note on ‘etc/motd’.

31.Write a note on ‘etc/motd’.
Ans.
1. This file contains the message that users see every time they log in.

2. It’s a good practice to communicate message about system downtime and other thing that user should be aware of.

3. We can put amusing quotes here to entertain our users, usually contain message like :
Welcome to Mumbai university computer system.
System is monitored. Unauthorized use is prohibited.

4. ‘motd’ is a plane text file which we can edit with any text editor, we can use it to display any message we want users to see when they login.

5. If we don’t have this file in /etc we can simply create it.

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Explain process of setting up a NIC (Network interface card).

44.Explain process of setting up a NIC (Network interface card). Ans. 1. Network interface card (NIC) can be set-up by configuring the network card and internal network. 2. Before configuring network card we must check loopback (IP address 127.0.0.1) is working. 3. Even if the compute is not connected to outside network internet network configuration is required for some applications. This address is known as loopback device, and its IP address is 127.0.0.1 4. To check loopback device is configured or not, we use ‘ifconfig’ command it shows a device called ‘lo’ with the address 127.0.0.1, if this device and address is not shown there then loopback is not configured. 5. To configure it we can use command ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 after that we need to use the ‘route’ command to give system a little more information about this interface for this ‘route add –net 127.0.0.0’ command is used, after this loopback is setup. 6. To configure a network card we will use ifconfig co...

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65.List and explain all NFS server commands. Ans. 1. exportfs: a) The exportfs command enables user to manipulate the list of current exports without editing /etc/exports. b) It also maintains the list of currently exported file system in /var/lib/nfs/etab. Example: The exportfs –a command initializes /var/lib/nfs/etab, synchronizes it with the contents of /etc/exports. c) To add a new export to etab and also /etc/exports the syntax is : #exportfs –o opts hostdir d) Example: #exportfs –o sync,rw 192.168.166.7:/demo The above command exports the directory /demo to client 192.168.166.7 with export option rw and sync. e) –v option of this command, lists currently exported filesystem. Example: #exportfs –v f) –u options unexports the filesystem as follow: Example: #exportfs –u 192.168.166.7:/demo 2. showmount: a) The showmount command provides information about clients and the file systems they have mounted. b) Syntax is : #showmount [-advhe] [host] ...

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