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Explain the IPv4 address with the help of a) Different formats of representation i.e. dotted decimals and binary. b) Classes in both the formats. c) Interpretation of the IP addresses.

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46.Explain the IPv4 address with the help of
a) Different formats of representation i.e. dotted decimals and binary.
b) Classes in both the formats.
c) Interpretation of the IP addresses.
Ans.
1. Different formats of representation i.e. dotted decimal and binary: many devices on the internet have only a single interface and thus a single IP number.

2. IP numbers consist of 4(8-bit) bytes for a total of 32 bits of available information.

3. This system results in large numbers, even when they are represented in decimal notation.

4. To make them easier to read and organize, they are written in what is called dotted quad format.

5. Each of them four groups of number can range from 0-255. The following shows the IP numbers in binary notation with its decimal notation.
1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1
128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255
This binary notation for 192.168.1.1 is
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

6. Classes in both the formats: Class A addresses always have the farthest left bit of the farthest left byte a zero, so there is a maximum of 128 class A network number available.

7. Class A IP network numbers use the left quad to identify the network, leaving three quads to identify host interface on the network.

8. The network numbers 0.0.0.0 known as the default route and 127.0.0.0; the loopback network.

9. Class B IP network numbers use the two left dotted quads to identify the network, leaving two dotted quads to identify host interface.

10. Class B addresses always have the farthest left bits of the left byte set to 10, it ranges 128-191 for the first of dotted quads.

11. Class C IP network numbers use the left three quads to 
identify the network, leaving the right quad to identify host interface.

12. Class C addresses always start with the farthest left thus bits set to 110 or a range of 192-255 for the farthest left dotted quad.

13. Interpretation of IP address: IP number can have three possible meanings for class C network:
192.168.3.0 is a class C network number.
192.168.3.42 is a host address on this network
192.168.3.255 is the network broadcast address.

14. The network mask affects only the interpretation of IP numbers on the same network segments.

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