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Explain the boot process in Linux.

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13.Explain the boot process in Linux.
Ans.
1. When we turn on our PC, it runs a program called “Basic input/output System” (BIOS).

2. BIOS is the only way to communicate with the system components until the operating system is up and running and able to take over the system management functions.

3. BIOS is installed on Read only memory (ROM) chip physically attached to system board.

4. The ROM type of chip is usually referred as to as an EEPROM chip, meaning it’s not writeable by user.

5. After the BIOS loads, it performs some diagnostics on the hardware, checks the installed components to be sure they are functioning and checks the system RAM (Random access memory).

6. Next the BIOS tries to find system drives from which it can load the boot program to begin the process of starting the operating system/kernel.

7. We can specify the search order for drives by changing the setting in the system BIOS configuration.

8. Usually the first hard drive that boots is the master IDE device of the primary IDE Bus.

9. The first sector of the drive has an area called the “master boot Record” MBR, which loads the program that is used to begin the actual loading of the operating system.

10. As soon as the BIOS finds the MBR it gives up control of the boot process.

11. In case of Fedora core and Enterprise Linux, a program called Boot loader begins the loading of operating system.

12. The boot loader program used is called as “Grand unified Boot loader” (GRUB).

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